While the role of commercial space systems is extending in security and economic society in Japan, there are growing concerns about cybersecurity due to the spread of digital technology in space systems and the advancing complexity of networks. Considering this situation, the Japanese government released the Guidelines on Cybersecurity Measures for Commercial Space Systems Ver 1.0 on 21 July 2022 to encourage business operators to take voluntary cybersecurity measures. The guidelines cover earth observation satellites and ground systems (satellite operation facilities, satellite data utilization facilities, development and manufacturing facilities) mainly operated by commercial companies, and cover the design, development, manufacturing, operation, maintenance, and disposal phases of satellite systems. The guidelines ...